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Bad Horse's avatar

Moritz Schlick was the founder of the Vienna Circle, one of the 4 major groups of empirical philosophy in Germany and Austria. In 1936 he was assassinated at the University of Vienna by Johann Nelböck, a former student of his who despised the Circle's opposition to metaphysics.

The case appeared to be open-and-shut. According to Karl Sigmund's book *Exact Thinking in Demented Times*, after shooting Schlick 4 times, Nelböck waited to be arrested, then confessed. He was found guilty of murder and of illegal ownership of a firearm and sentenced to ten years in prison.

What happened next was, in my opinion (and probably no one else's), one of the great turning points of history.

German and Austrian philosophers were divided in a great contest between the reactionary, spiritualist, generally Luddite and 100% batshit crazy metaphysicians; and the empiricists, who sought to reform philosophy after the manner of science. Schlick, one of the most-prominent empiricists, was hated by the metaphysicians, and after Nelböck assassinated his body, they set to assassinating his character. They united with Nelböck in calling not just Schlick, but all empiricists, deniers of objective morality and babblers of purely logical constructs devoid of any reference to the eternal sources of meaning. They called his anti-metaphysical views anti-spiritual (which they were) and thus immoral (which they were not), and said Nelböck had been driven insane by "the radically devastating philosophy professed by Dr. Schlick."

This wasn't the first attack on empiricism under the Nazis; the Ernst Mach Society had already been outlawed and its doctrines prohibited "because they corrupted the people and the culture".

The empiricist circles included a large number of Jews. Though Schlick wasn't Jewish, he was nonetheless damned by public opinion after death for associating with Jews, and Nelböck was hailed by many as a hero of the people. Metaphysicians called for all philosophy chairs at the U of Vienna to be filled by Christians.

I call this a turning point in history because it marked the creation of continental philosophy as we know it today. Yes, there were "continental philosophers" before the Nazis. But "continental philosophy" became the monolithic block of lunatics that it is today only after the great purge of empiricists from the continent, which the Nazis had already begun, and which attained its full force from this incident. Just a few years later, metaphysicians and phenomenologists stood unchallenged across Germany and Austria, as they would soon stand unchallenged everywhere the Nazi armies went. Under the Nazis, students were taught social constructivism and a phenomenological epistemology which together taught people to scorn "cold" data and objective observations, and "awaken" to the "authenticity" of their "lived experience", to define their identity by their race, and to take "racial truths" as foundational rather than seeking objective truths.

18 months after the assassination, the public sympathy for the assassin was so great that Nelböck was released, which helped bring in the next phase of Nazism, in which the law was to follow Nazi principles rather than legal codes. The Nazi view was that that laws and human rights were obstructions in the path to "social justice" (which meant not a just society, but race-based justice), because they protected evil-doers from quick retribution by the will of the people. Hitler said that the Jews introduced law to protect themselves from social justice.

After the war, the Allies occupied the continent, but nobody ever brought back the empiricist philosophers. Nelböck's conviction for murder was expunged from the penal record in 1947 under the Soviets. Nazi philosophy continued to be taught all across Europe, and French students of Nazi teachers spelled out some of the consequences of these Nazi doctrines in the philosophy we now call "post-modernism".

But that was 90 years ago. Surely it has nothing to do with today.

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Jack Lecter's avatar

I've been trying to express... basically this, but with more disclaimers and caveats which I now suspect weren't necessary.

Thank you. I'm going to send this to my mom and maybe my dad, and... I don't expect them to *agree*, but I think it'll at least help them understand.

The more of your stuff I read, the more I like it. I haven't found a new rat blog I liked this much in the last... idk, five years maybe?

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